Microsoft Word - PFAS -Specific Sampling and Analysis Plan Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility_Adit 6

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PFAS-Specific Sampling and Analysis Plan,

Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Adit 6

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JOINT BASE PEARL HARBOR-HICKAM, O‘AHU, HAWAI‘I

Date: 07 DEC 2022

Prepared for: Red Hill OIC

*This plan replaces the 01 DEC 2022 approved plan in its entirety.

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TABLEOFCONTENTS

ExecutiveSummary.......................................................................................................................................4

Background...................................................................................................................................................4

Approach.......................................................................................................................................................4

AcronymsandAbbreviations........................................................................................................................5

IdentifyingInformation.................................................................................................................................9

SpecialPersonnelTrainingRequir ementsTable...........................................................................................9

ProjectActionLimits.....................................................................................................................................9

SamplingTasks............................................................................................................................................11

GroundwaterSampling...............................................................................................................................12

SoilSampling...............................................................................................................................................12

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OverflowHoldingTankSampling................................................................................................................13

Decontamination....................................................................................................................................13

Investigation‐derivedWasteManagement............................................................................................13

SampleShipment....................................................................................................................................14

SampleAnalysis.......................................................................................................................................14

DataValidation,Review,andManagementTasks..................................................................................14

AnalyticalandValidationTasks...............................................................................................................14

Demobilization........................................................................................................................................15

SamplingDesignandRationale...............................................................................................................15

SampleHandling

System.............................................................................................................................15

SampleCustodyRequirements...................................................................................................................16

Chain‐of‐CustodyProcedures.....................................................................................................................16

FieldSampleCustodyProcedures...........................................................................................................16

LaboratorySampleCustodyProcedures.................................................................................................16

SampleIdentificationProcedures...........................................................................................................17

AssessmentFindingsandCorrectiveActionResponses.............................................................................17

StandardOperatingProcedures.................................................................................................................18

Chain‐of‐Custody....................................................................................................................................18

Chain‐

of‐CustodyProcedures.................................................................................................................20

FieldCustodyProcedures.......................................................................................................................20

TransferofCustodyandShipment.........................................................................................................20

EquipmentBlankandFieldBlankPreparation.......................................................................................21

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TABLEOFCONTENTSContinued

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GroundwaterSamplingforPer‐andPolyfluoroalkylSubstances(PFAS)...................................................22

PackagingandShippingProceduresforLow‐ConcentrationSamples.......................................................25

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Figure1.Adit6 DistancetoWellLocations

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Figure2.Adit6 DistancetoDrinkingWaterWells

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ExecutiveSummary

ThisPFASSamplingandAnalysisPlanoutlinestheNavy’ssamplingstrategyatRedHillBulkFuelStorage

Facility,JointBasePearlHarborHickam,Hawai'Iinresponsetothe29NOV2022AqueousFilmForming 

Foam(AFFF)releaseatAdit6.ThisdocumentisbeingpreparedbytheDepartmentoftheNavy,Naval

Facilities

EngineeringSystemsCommand(NAVFAC),RedHillOICinaccordancewiththeNavy’sSAP

policyguidanceandUSEPAguidanceandregulationstohelpensurethatdatacollectionandlaboratory

analysesfollowproperscientificprotocolsandpractices.Thisplanreplacesthe01DEC2022approved

planinitsentirety(RedHillPFAS

ADIT6PLANRev2a).

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Background

On29NOV2022attheAdit6location ofRedHillBulkStorageFuelFacility,approximately1,300gallons

ofAFFFconcentratewasreleased.Theinvestigationison‐goingtodeterminethecauseoftherelease.

Impactedareasincludea100‐footsectioninsidethetunnel,andimmediateareasoutsideandadjacent

theAdit6entrance.Theoutsideareasincludeacrushed‐rockapron,soil,andastormwater

conveyancesystemthateventuallyemptiesintotheHalawaStream.Remedialactionsweretakenon

thedayofthespillandincludedcollectionofconcentratewithappropriatespill‐absorbingmaterial,and

soilexcavationinareas

theapron.Furtherremedialactionsarependingbasedonsamplingeffortsfor

properdelineationofthecontaminatedareas.

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Approach

Tasksidentifiedintheplanshallincludeaqueousandsoil samplecollectionprotocols,mobilization,

technicalsupport,andlaboratoryanalyticalmethodsforaninitialsix(6)monthperiod.TheContractor

shallprovideallnecessarypersonnel,equipmentandmaterialstoadequatelysampleaqueousandsoil

samplesfromwellsandareastobedetermined

bytheNavy.Ataminimum,workshallincludebutshall

notbelimitedto,thefollowingtasksand/ordeliverables:

 Samplecollectionandtransport,includingtoolsforsurficialandsub‐slabdrilling

 Analyticalresults/reportsbyanaccredi tedlaboratory

 ProjectManagement

 PotentialdisposalofandAFFFconcentrate,

AFFF‐contaminatedliquid,andAFFF‐contaminated

soilsamples

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AcronymsandAbbreviations

°C   degree Celsius

>   greater than

≥   greater than or equal

<   less than

≤   less than or equal

--   not applicable

μg/L  microgram(s) per liter

μg/kg microgram(s) per kilogram

%   percent

APP   Accident Prevention Plan

AQM   Activity Quality Manager

bgs  below ground surface

BMT   Base Motor Transport

CA   corrective action

CAS   Chemical Abstracts Service

CCV   continuing calibration verification

CLEAN  Comprehensive Long-term Environmental Action—Navy

COPC  Chemicals of Potential Concern

CSM   conceptual site model

CTO   Contract Task Order

DL   detection limit

DO   dissolved oxygen

DoD   Department of Defense

DU Decision Unit

DV   data validation

EB   equipment rinsate blank

EDS   Environmental Data Services

EIS   Extracted Internal Standard

ELAP   Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program

FB   field blank

FBI   Federal Bureau of Investigation

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FD   field duplicate

FTL   Field Team Leader

FTS   fluorotelomer sulfonate

g   gram(s)

H&S   health and safety

HDOH  Hawai’i Department of Health

HDPE high-density polyethylene

HEER  Hazard Evalutation and Emergency Response Office

HFPO-DA  hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid

HHRS  human health risk screening

HI   hazard index

HQ   hazard quotient

HSM   Health and Safety Manager

IB   instrument blank

ICAL   initial calibration

ICC   initial calibration confirmation

ICV   initial calibration verification

ID   identification

IDW   investigation-derived waste

ISC   instrument sensitivity check

ISP  Incremental sampling plan

LCL   lower control limit

LC-MS/MS  liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

LCS   laboratory control sample

LIMS   laboratory information management system

LOD   limit of detection

LOQ   limit of quantitation

MB   method blank

MD   matrix duplicate

mg/L   milligram(s) per liter

MILSPEC  military specification

mL   milliliter(s)

MS   matrix spike

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MSD   matrix spike duplicate

N/A   not applicable

NAVFAC  Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command

Navy   Department of the Navy

ng/L   nanogram(s) per liter

NEtFOSAA  N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid

NMeFOSAA  N-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

NTU   nephelometric turbidity unit

NTV/E  non-tactical vehicle and equipment

ORP   oxidation-reduction potential

PA  Preliminary Assessment

PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

PAL   project action limit

PC   Project Chemist

PFAS   per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

PFBA   perfluorobutanoic acid

PFBS   perfluorobutane sulfonate

PFDA   perfluorodecanoic acid

PFDoA  perfluorododecanoic acid

PFHpA  perfluoroheptanoic acid

PFHxA  perfluorohexoanoic acid

PFHxS  perfluorohexanesulfonic acid

PFNA   perfluorononanoic acid

PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid

PFOS perfluorooctane sulfonate

PFPeA  perfluoropentanoic acid

PFTA   perfluorotetradecanoic acid

PFTrDA perfluorotridecanoic acid

PFUnA  perfluoroundecanoic acid

PID   photoionization detector

PM   Project Manager

POC   point of contact

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PVC   polyvinyl chloride

QA   quality assurance

QAO   Quality Assurance Officer

QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan

QC   quality control

QSM   Quality Systems Manual

RPD   relative percent difference

RPM   Remedial Project Manager

RSL   regional screening level

RT   retention time

S/N   Signal to Noise

SAP m Sampling and Analysis Plan

SD   standard deviation

SI   Site Inspection

SL   Safety Liaison

SME   Subject Matter Expert

SOP   standard operating procedure

SPE   Solid Phase Extraction

TBD   to be determined

TGM  Technical Guidance Manual

TM   Task Manager

UCL   upper control limit

UCMR5  Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule 5

UFP   Uniform Federal Policy

USEPA  United States Environmental Protection Agency

WQP   water quality parameter

Y/N   Yes/No

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IdentifyingInformation

SiteName:JOINTBASEPEARLHARBOR‐HICKAM,O‘AHU,HAWAI‘I,REDHILLBULKFUELSTORAGE

FACILITY(RHBFSF)

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1. ThisSamplingandAnalysisPlan(SAP)waspreparedinaccordancewiththerequirementsofthe

following:

 GuidanceforQualityAssuranceProjectPlans(USEPA,2002)

 UniformFederalPolicyforQualityAssuranceProjectPlans

(USEPA,2005)

 GuidanceonSystematicPlanningUsingtheDataQualityObjectivesProcess(USEPA,2006)

 InterimPer‐andPolyfluoroalkylSubstances(PFAS)SiteGuidanceforNavalFacilitiesEngineering

Command(NAVFAC)RemedialProjectManagers(RPMs)(NAVFAC,2020)

 HDOH,2021,InterimSoilandWaterEnvironmentalActionLevels(EALs)forPerfluoroalkyland

PolyfluoroalkylSubstances(PFASs).

 HDOH,2021,TechnicalGuidanceManual.

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2. Listorganizationalpartners(stakeholders)andconnectionwithleadorganization:

 UnitedStatesEnvironmental ProtectionAgency(USEPA)Region9–RegulatoryStakeholder

 StateofHawai’iDepartmentofHealth(HDOH)

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3. Leadorganization:

 DepartmentoftheNavy,NAVFACHawaii,Red

HillOIC

SpecialPersonnelTrainingRequirementsTable

Project

Function



Specialized

TrainingBy

Titleor

Descriptionof

Course



Training

Provider



Training

Date



Personnel

/

Groups

Receiving

Training



Personnel

Titles/

Organizational

Affiliation

Locationof

Training

Records/

Certificates

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Field

Operations



PFAS‐Specific

Sampling



Protocols

Definedinthe

standard

operating

procedures

(SOPs)orinthis

plan.



Before

arrivalto

site



Allsite

workers

Allsite

workers

N/A

ProjectActionLimits

Groundwater

 Groundwaterdatawillbescreenedagainstresidentialscenarioregionalscreeninglevels(RSLs)

basedonahazardquotient(HQ)of0.1(DoD,2022).RSLsforPFOS,PFOA,PFBS,PFHxS,PFNA,

andHFPO‐DAbasedonanHQof0.1arepresentedintheNovember2022RSLTable(USEPA,

2022).Data

willalsobescreenedagainstHEEROfficeTGMSection4.2.7(HDOH2021),interim

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soilandwaterenvironmentalactionlevels(EALs)Per‐andPolyfluroroalkylSubstances(April

2021).

Soil

 SoildatawillbescreenedresidentialscenarioRSLsbasedonanHQof0.1(DoD,2022).

ResidentialsoilRSLsforPFOS,PFOA,PFBS,PFHxS,PFNA,andHFPO‐DAbasedonanHQof0.1

arepresentedintheNovember2022RSLTable(USEPA,2022).Datawillalsobescreened

againstHEEROfficeTGMSection4.2.7(HDOH2021),interimsoilandwaterenvironmental

actionlevels(EALs)Per‐andPolyfluroroalkylSubstances(April2021).

Howwillthedatabeused?

 Thedatawillbeusedtodetermine

theextentofcontaminationrelatedtothereleaseeventand

usedtoinformanyfurtherdelineationand/orremediationeffortstoprotecthumanhealthand

theenvironment.

Uncertaintiestobeconsideredindatause:

 ScientificresearchandregulatoryguidelinesrelatedtoPFASarerapidlyevolving.Assuch,the

informationprovided

inthisSAPpresentsthestateofthes cienceatthetimeofissuanceofthe

SAP.TheNavywillre‐evaluatechangingscienceandregulationsatthetimeofreportingto

ensuredataevaluationandriskscreeningpresentedintheSIreportreflectanychangesto

toxicologyinformation,regulatorystandards,

andDoDandNavypolicyandguidance.Updates

totheproposeddataevaluationandriskscreeningapproacheswillbediscussedwith

stakeholderspriortoissuanceofthereport.

 Thesamplingapproachincludessamplingofexistingmonitoringwells.Whileproceduresfor

installationofnewwellsincluderequirementsforavoidanceof

PFAS‐containingmaterials,there

isnowaytoconfirmwhetherthesematerialsmighthavebeenuse dduringconstructionof

existingwells.Basedonsamplingofnumerousbackgroundwellsatotherfacilities,impactsfrom

pastwellconstructionarebelievedtobeminimal;however,wellconstructionwillbeconsidered

ifdataindicateimpacts

arelikely(forexample,agroupofwellsinstalledconcurrentlyhave

similarconcentrationsregardlessoflocationrelativetothelikelyreleaseareas).

Whattypesofdataareneeded(matrix,targetanalytes,analyticalgroups,fieldscreening,onsite

analyticaloroffsitelaboratorytechniques,samplingtechniques)?

 Thedatatobecollectedduring

thisinvestigationwillincludethefollowing:laboratoryanalytical

resultsforPFASingroundwaterandsoilsamples.

Arethereanyspecialdataqualityneeds,fieldorlaboratory,tosupportenvironmentaldecisions?

 Therearenospecialdataqualityneeds.

Where,when,andhowshouldthedatabecollected/generated?

 Allsamplinglocations

arebasedonfieldinvestigationsandsampleswillbecollectedin

accordancewithcurrentsamplingprotocolsandguidancefromUSEPAandtheNavy.

11



 Thedatawillbecollectedf ollowingthemethodologiesandstandardoperatingprocedures

(SOPs)presentedinthisplan.

SamplingTasks

 Initialperiodofperformancewillbesix(6)months;Navyhasdiscretiontoadjustthissampling

timeperiodasnecessary.

 Mobilizationforthefieldeffortincludesprocurementofnecessaryfieldequipmentandinitial

transporttothesite.Equipmentand supplies willbebroughttothesitewhenthefield

team

mobilizesforfieldactivities.Fieldnoteswillbecapturedonlooseleafpaper/formsorelectronic

deviceseachday.AlocationfortheplacementofIDWwillbedetermined,andIDWwillbe

storedinamannerconsistentwiththeSOPswithin.Beforebeginninganyphaseofwork,

Contractorand

itssubcontractorswillhavefieldmeetingstodiscusstheworkitemsandworker

responsibilities,andtofamiliarizeworkerswiththeSAP.

 Ingeneral,workwillbeperformedinLevelDpersona lprotectiveequipment,consistingofa

hardhat,safetyglasses,safety‐toedboots,andhearingprotection,withspecialprecautions

taken

toavoidanyclothingmaterialsthatcouldcontainPFAS.

 Fieldactivitieswilltakeplaceduringnormaldaylightworkinghours.

 DOHandDOHcontractorsshallhavetheopportunitytobepresent,observe,andelecttocollect

independentsamples.TheNavywillprovideascheduleofsamplingoncedevelopedto

help

facilitatethis.

 RoutineNOIandLTMsamplingwillcontinueduringthisPFASsamplingeffort.

 DuetotheproprietarynatureofAFFF,DraftEPAMethod1633maynotidentifytheotherPFAS

componentsforAnsuliteAFC‐3MS3%AFFFConcentratemanufacturedbyAnsul.Section3.1of

theSafetyData

Sheetlistsadditionalchemicalcomponentsinthismix ture.WhiletheNavywill

continueevaluatingappropriatechemicalcomponent(s)toanalyzeasadditionalpotential

indicator(s)ofAFFFcontamination,thefollowinghasbeenidentified:

o Navywilladd2‐(2‐Bu toxyethoxy)ethanolforanalysestoserveasanindicatorofAFFFin

casethere

isminimaloverlapofPFASinthesubjectAFFFandPFASanalytesincludedin

EPAdraftmethod1633.

o Analytical methodwillbebasedonEPAPublicationEPA/600/R‐14/008|January2014:

TheVerificationofaMethodforDetectingandQuantifyingDiethyleneGlycol,

TriethyleneGlycol,TetraethyleneGlycol,2‐Butoxyethanoland2

‐Methoxyethanolin

GroundandSurfaceWaters.EPAMethod8015_DirectAqueousInjection(DAI)hasbeen

identifiedasamethodthatcanbeusedforthisanalyte.

Typicalguidanceandprocedures,suchasASTMInternationalD4823‐95andD4448‐01,USEPA

compendiumEPA540/P‐87/001a,OSWER9355.0‐14,andUSEPA

SESDPROC‐513‐R2,remainthebasis

foraPFASsamplingprotocol.Examplesofspecialconsiderations forPFASsamplingincludethetypesof

samplingequipmentormaterialsused;fieldandequipmentblanksaboveandbeyondwhatisnormally

required;theneedforlowlaboratoryquantitationlimits;lowstateandfederalscreeninglevels,

cleanup

criteria;potentialforbackgroundsourcesofPFASintheenvironment;andmodifieddecontamination

measures.

12



GroundwaterSampling

CollectgroundwatersamplesforPFASanalysesusingabailer(thiswouldallowsamplingtostartassoon

asbottlesarereceivedfromthelab)orlow‐flowpump.Figure2showswelllocations distancesfrom

Adit6.

Thegroundwatermonitoringwellswillbesampledusingbailersorlowflowpumpsand

tubingfreefrom

PFAScontainingmaterials(e.g.,Teflon)toavoidintroducingPFASfromoutsidesources.Groundwater

samplesforPFASwillbecollectedinto500‐milliliterorlarger,HDPEunpreservedbottleswithnon‐

TeflonlidlinersandtestedforPFASconstituentsusingDraftEPAMethod1633.Thebottleswillbe

placed

intocoolerswithicetomaintaintemperaturesat4degreesCelsius±2⁰Cuntilthesamplesare

deliveredtothelaboratory.Useofglasssamplecontainerswillbeavoidedwhencollecting water

samplesduetothepotentialforadsorptionofPFAS,specificallyPFOStotheglass.FieldduplicatePFAS

groundwater

sampleswillbecollectedatarateofonepersamplingevent.

WeeklyPFASsampleswillbecollectedfromthefollowingwellsusingDraftEPAMethod1633:

 RHMW02

 RHMW03

 RHMW04

 RHMW06

 RHMW10

 RHMW12A

 RHMW16

 RHMW17

o Twoaddition alsampleswillbecollected

atpiezometers(shallowandintermediate)

stagedinperchedgroundwaterdepths.

 RHMW2254‐01

 HDMW2253‐03

SoilSampling

DecisionUnits(DU)aredefinedassamplecollectionareas.Theywillbeidentifiedbasedonvisually

impactedareasandprovidedinEnclosure1.

Collecttwo(2)replicatesamplesfromone(1)DUwherethegreatestcontaminationhasoccurredin

accordancewithSection4.2.7oftheHEEROfficeTGM.Usetheresulting

triplicatedata(primaryplus

tworeplicates)inconjunctionwiththefinalsamplecollectionandprocessingmethodtoassessthe

precisionandusabilityofthedatainaccordancewithSection4.2.8ofHEERTGM.

EachDUsamplewillbecomprisedof30soilincrementswhichwillbetestedforPFASconstituents

using

DraftEPAMethod1633.Collectaminimumthree(3)kgsamplepreparedbycombiningaminimumof

30incrementsfromthesubjectDU.Eachsamplewillconsistofa1kgsampleperselecteddrum.

Incrementswillbecollectedfromexposedtoadepthofapproximatelysix(6)inches(DU



depth/thickness).ThiswillbeusedtoestimatethesoilvolumeassociatedwitheachDUandDUsample.

Collectedsampleswillbeplacedinalaboratoryprovidedsamplecontaineroranew,clean,Ziplocbagor

equivalent.SoilsampleswillbecollectedusingastainlesssteelordisposableHDPEscoopor

trowel.Soil

sampleincrementswillbecollectedata6‐inchdepthintheover‐excavatedarea(12incheshorizontally

13



beyondtheobservedimpactedareas,asmarkedinthefieldimmediatelyupondiscoveryoftherelease)

asconfirmationsamples.Toevaluateprojectperformance,afieldreplicatesamplewillbecollected

fromonedecisionunit.Thirty(30)additionalsoilincrementswillbecollectedperreplicatesampleas

describedabove.Zip‐

toppolyethyleneplasticbagswillbeusedfordouble‐baggingsamplespriorto

placingtheminacoolerwithiceforpreservationuntilthesamplesareshippedtothelaboratory.

BecauseofpotentialinterferencefromPAHs,asphaltwillnotbesampledforPFAS.

Collectone(1)multi‐incrementsampleofthe

excavated,contaminatedsoil

Themulti‐incrementsamples(triplicates)willbecollectedfromthree(3)drumscontainingthemost

contaminatedsoil.Contaminatedareaswereexcavatedtoadepthofsix(6)inchesduringtheinitial

responseeffort.Thatexcavatedsoiliscurrentlystagedonsiteinadumptruckanddrums. 

Becauseof

potentialinterferencefromPAHs,asphaltwillnotbesampledforPFAS.

Allmulti‐incrementsoilsampleswillbecollectedinaccordancewithSection4.2.7oftheHEEROffice

TGM.Thelaboratorywillfollowacceptedandapprovedpracticesandproceduresforincremental

samplinganalysis.Uponlaboratoryselection,theNavywill

requesttheirISMprotocolsandSOPs.

OverflowHoldingTankSampling

AsampleoftheAFFFconcentrateremainingintheoverflowholdingtankinAdit6willbecollected.

UsingDraftMethod1633,thissamplewillbeused todeterminewhichoftheforty(40)targetPFAS

compoundsarepresentinthisspecificbatchofAFFFconcentrate.TheNavywillalsoperform

atotal

organoflourineanalysissolelyontheAFFFconcentratetopotentiallyidentifyadditionalPFAS

compoundsthatmaynotregisterinDraftEPAMethod1633.

Decontamination

Allnon‐disposablesamplingequipmentwillbedecontaminatedimmediatelyaftereachusein

accordancewiththeSOPlistedwithin.Non‐disposableequipmentwillbedecontaminatedusingthe

followingsolutionsinthisorder:

1. Distilledwater(laboratory‐certifiedPFAS‐free)andLiquinoxsolution

2. Distilledwater(laboratory‐certifiedPFAS‐free)rinse10

percentisopropanolanddistilledwater

solution(laboratory‐certifiedPFAS‐free)andair‐dried

3. Laboratorygradedeionizedwater(laboratory‐certifiedPFAS‐free)

Decontaminationfluidswillbecontainedinatankor55‐gallondrumand disposedofoffsiteas

describedherein.

Investigation‐derivedWasteManagement

IDWisexpectedtoconsistofsoil,purgewater,groundwatersampling,and decontaminationfluids.

AqueousIDWandsolidIDWwillbestoredinseparateroll‐offcontainers,portabletanksordrums.IDW

willbemanagedinaccordancewiththeInterimPFASSiteGuidanceforNAVFACRPMs,November2020

Update(NAVFAC,2020),

applicableSOPscontainedinthisplan.IDWwillbeproperlysampledfor

characterizationanddisposedofinaccordancewithallfederal,state,andlocallawsanddisposalfacility

requirements.Disposableequipment,includingpersonalprotectiveequipment,willbedisposedofwith

normalmunicipalwaste.

14



SampleShipment

AllanalyticalsamplesandequipmentwillbeshippedbyFedEx.Allsampleswillbeshippedinaccordance

withtheSOPidentified withinthisplan.

SampleAnalysis

Thelaboratorywillmaintain,test,inspect,andcalibrateanalyticalinstrumentsaccordingtocurrentEPA

laboratorymethodsandstandards.ThelaboratorywillanalyzeaqueousandsoilsamplesforPFAS.SOPs

foralllaboratoryanalyticaltasksandwillbeconductedbyalaboratoryTBDbyContractorandtheNavy.

Aqueousandsoilsamples

willbeanalyzedusingDraftEPAMethod1633.

Sampleswillbeprocessed(e.g.,airdriedandsievedto<2mmparticlesize),subsampled(minimum30

increments)andtestedbythelaboratoryusingMulti‐IncrementmethodsinaccordancewithSection

4.2.6oftheHEERTGM.Thiswillincludethecollectionandtesting

ofaminimumof10gramsper

sample.Asummaryofsampleprocessingandsubsamplingmethodsinthewillbeincludedinthe

report.

DataValidation,Review,andManagementTasks

Datafromallmediasamples(groundwaterandsoil)obtainedfromtheanalyticallaboratorywillbe

validated.ThePCisresponsiblefordatatrackingandstorage.Definitiveanalyticallaboratorydatawill

bereportedasaStage4datapackageincludingCertificatesofAnalysisfortraceabilityand10percentof

thedatawill

undergoStage4validationbeforeusebytheNavy,whiletheremaining90percentwill

undergoStage2Bvalidation.AllWQPdatawillbecheckedbythePCbeforeuse.TheFTLisresponsible

forensuringthephotoionizationdetector(PID)andWQPmeterarecalibratedpriortosample

collection.The

precisionandusabilityofsoilsampledatawillbeevaluatedinaccordancewithHEER

OfficeTGMSection4.2.8andbasedonthefinalsamplecollectionandprocessingmethodsusedandthe

precisionofthereplicate(triplicate)sampledata.AllanalyticaldatawillbeloadedintotheNavyEDMS

RedHillDatabase

forHDOHretrieval,andunvalidatedsampleresultswillbeprovidedtoHDOHaswell.

ValidateddatawillalsobefurnishedoncetheNavyreceivesconfirmationofvalidateddataTAT.

AnalyticalandValidationTasks

Projectedturnaroundtimes(TAT)forfinal(unvalidated)datafrompotentiallaboratorieswillbe:

 AqueoussampleswillhaveafivedayTAT+2daytransporttime

 SoilsampleswillhaveasevendayTAT+2daytransporttime

AlldatawillbeuploadedintoEDMSdirectlybythe

laboratoriesandbemadeavailabletotheregulatory

authorities.

Additionallaboratorytasksinclude:

 Thelaboratorywillmaintain,test,inspect,andcalibrateanalyticalinstruments.

 Thelaboratorywillprocessandpreparesamplesforanalysis.

 Allanalyticaldatatobeusedforchemicalcharacterizationofthesite,excludingIDW

characterization,

willbevalidated.

 AdatausabilityassessmentwillbeperformedontheSIdata.

15



Demobilization

Fulldemobilizationwilloccurwhentheprojectiscomplete,andappropriateQA/QCcheckshavebeen

performed.Personnelnolongerneededduringthecourseoffieldoperationsmaybedemobilized

beforethefinalprojectcompletiondate.Thefollowingwilloccurbeforedemobilization:

 Chain‐of‐custodyrecordswillbereviewedtoverify

thatallsampleswerecollectedasplanned

andsubmittedforappropriateanalysis.

 Restorationofthesitetoanappropriatelevel(forexample,repairofdeeprutsfromdrilling

equipment)willbeverifiedbytheFTL.

 Anyimportedsoilforbackfillwillbecertifiedcleanfill .

 Allequipment

willbeinspected,packaged,andshippedtotheappropriatelocation.

SamplingDesignandRationale

PFASaregenerallywater‐solubleandrelativelymobilethroughsoilstogroundwater.Groundwaterand

soilsamplelocationsarebasedonthisrationaleandaccessconsiderations.Inaddition,groundwater

samplelocationswerechosentorefinetheunderstandingofthehydrogeologicalcharacteristicsateach

area.SampleswillbeanalyzedforallPFAScomponents

delineatedbyDraftEPAMethod1633,

compliantwithQualitySystemsManualVersion5.4TableB‐15(orthelatestvers ionoftheQSMfor

whichthelaboratoryiscertifiedatthetimeofsampli ng).

SampleHandlingSystem



SAMPLECOLLECTION,PACKAGING,ANDSHIPMENT

SampleCollection(Personnel/Organization):AECOM

SamplePackaginga(Personnel/Organization):AECOM

CoordinationofShipment(Personnel/Organization):AECOM

TypeofShipment/Carrier:OvernightCarrier/FedEx

SAMPLERECEIPTANDANALYSIS

SampleReceipt(Personnel/Organization):TBDAECOMandNavy

SampleCustodyandStorage(Personnel/Organization):TBDAECOMandNavy

SamplePreparation(Personnel/Organization ):TBDAECOMandNavy

SampleDeterminativeAnalysis(Personnel/Organization):TBDAECOMandNavy

SAMPLEARCHIVING

FieldSampleStorage(No.ofdaysfromsampleco llection):45

SampleExtract/DigestateStorage(No.ofdaysfromextraction/digestion):45

SAMPLEDISPOSAL

16



Personnel/Organization:TBDAECOMandNavy

NumberofDaysfromAnalysis:45

a PFAS‐freeshippingmaterialswillbeusedforshippingsamples.

SampleCustodyRequirements

SampleLabeling

Samplelabelswillinclude,ataminimum,clientname,site,sampleidentification(ID),date/time

collected,analysisgroupormethod,preservative,andsampler’sinitials.Labelswillbeappliedtothejar

toensurethattheydonotseparate.

Chain‐of‐CustodyProcedures:

Chainsofcustodywillinclude,ataminimum,laboratorycontactinformation,clientcontactinformation,

sampleinformation,andrelinquishedby/received byinformation.Sampleinformationwillinclude

sampleID,date/timecollected,numberandtypeofcontainers,preservativeinformation,analysis

method,andcomments.Thechainofcustodywillalsohavethesampler’sname

andsignature.The

chainofcustodywilllinklocationofthesamplefromthefieldlogbooktothelaboratoryreceiptofthe

sample.

FieldSampleCustodyProcedures(samplecollection,packaging,shipment,anddeliveryto

laboratory):

SampleswillbecollectedbyfieldteammembersunderthesupervisionoftheFTL.Assamplesare

collected,theywillbeplacedintocontainers and labeled, asoutlinedabove.Sampleswillbecushioned

withpackagingmaterialandplacedintocoolerscontainingenoughicetokeepthesamplesthanless

than

orequalto10°C(storageinthelaboratorywillbelessthanorequalto6°C)butnotfrozen.The

chainofcustodywillalsobeplacedintothecooler.Coolerswillbeshippedtothelaboratoryvia

appropriatemethods,withtheairbillnumberindicatedonthechainofcustody(to

relinquishcustody).

Upondelivery,thelaboratorywilllogineachcoolerandreportthestatusofthesamples.

LaboratorySampleCustodyProcedures:

AllPFASsampleswillbeshippedtoalaboratory

TBDbyAECOMandNavy.

Theanalyticallaboratorieswillhaveestablishedcustodyprocedures, whichincludethefollowing:

 Designateasamplecustodian.

 Completionbythecustodianofthechain‐of‐custodyrecord,anysampletags,andlaboratory

requestsheets,includingdocumentationofsampleconditionuponreceipt.

 Complywithlaboratorysampletrackinganddocumentation

procedures.

 Securesamplestoragewiththeappropriateenvironment(e.g.,refrigerated,dry),consistent

withanalyticalmethodrequirements.

 Practiceproperdatalogginganddocumentationprocedures,includingcustodyoforiginal

laboratoryrecords.

17



Uponarrivalofthesamplesattheanalyticallaboratory,asamplecustodianwilltakecustodyofthe

samples,assesstheintegrityofsamplecontainers,andverifythattheinformationonthesamplelabels

matchestheinformationontheassociatedchain‐of‐custodyrecord.Thelaboratorywillrestrictaccessto

thestorageareastoauthorizedlaboratorypersonnelonly,topreventunauthorizedcontactwith

samples,extracts,ordocumentation.Thesamplecustodianwillmaintainsecurityofthesamplesin

accordancewiththeanalyticallaboratorySOP.

SampleIdentificationProcedures:

Uponopeningthecooler,thereceivingclerksignsthechainofcus tody andthentakesthetemperature

usingthetemperatureblank(ifabsent,asamplecontainerorinfraredthermometerisused).The

samplecontainersinthecoolerareunpackedandcheckedagainsttheclient’schainofcustodyandany

discrepancies

orbreakageisnotedonthechainofcustody.Next,ifanywatersamplesrequire

preservative,theclerkwillcheckthepHvaluestoseeiftheyareintheacceptablepHrange.Theclerk

willdeliverthechainofcustody(andanyotherpaperwork,suchas temperatureorpHQA

notice)tothe

PMforLIMSentryandclientcontact(ifneeded).

ThefieldlogbookwillidentifythesampleIDwiththelocation,depth,date/timecollected,andthe

parametersrequested.ThelaboratorywillassigneachfieldsamplealaboratorysampleIDbasedon

informationinthechainofcustody.The

laboratorywillsendsamplelog‐informstotheprojectchemist

tochecksampleIDsandparametersarecorrect.

AssessmentFindingsandCorrectiveActionResponses



Assessment

Type



Natureof

Deficiencies

Documentat

ion



Individual(s)

Notifiedof

Findings

(Name,Title,

Organization)





Timeframe

of

Notification



NatureofCA

Response

Documentation



Individual(s)

ReceivingCA

Response



(Name,Title,

Organization)



TimeFrame

for

Response







Field

Performance

Audit





Checklist

and Written

AuditReport





TBD



Within1

weekof

audit





Memorandum

TBD





Within1

weekof

receiptofCA

Form



Offsite

Laboratory

Technical

Systems

Audit



TBDAECOM

TBD



Within2

monthsof

audit





Memorandum

TBD

Within2

monthsof

receiptof

initial

notification



18



StandardOperatingProcedures

Chain‐of‐Custody

I. Purpose

ThepurposeofthisSOPistoprovideinformationonchain‐of‐custodyprocedurestobeusedunderthe

CLEANProgram.

II. Scope 

ThisproceduredescribesthestepsnecessaryfortransferringsamplesthroughtheuseofChain‐of‐

CustodyRecords.AChain‐of‐CustodyRecordisrequi red,withoutexception,

forthetrackingand

recordingofsamplescollectedforon‐siteoroff‐siteanalysis(chemicalorgeotechnical)duringprogram

activities(exceptw ellheadsamplestakenformeasurementoffieldparameters).UseoftheChain‐of‐

CustodyRecordFormcreatesanaccuratewrittenrecordthatcanbeusedtotracethe

possessionand

handlingofthesamplefromthemomentofitscollectionthroughanalysis.Thisprocedureidentifies the

necessarycustodyrecordsanddescribestheircompletion.Thispr oceduredoesnottakeprecedence

overregionspecificorsite‐specificrequirementsforchain‐of‐custody.

III. Definitions

Chain‐of‐CustodyRecordForm‐AChain

‐of‐CustodyRecordFormisaprintedtwo‐partformthat

accompaniesasampleorgroupofsamplesascustodyofthesample(s)istransferredfromone

custodiantoanothercustodian.Onecopyoftheformmustberetainedintheprojectfile.

Custodian‐Thepersonresponsibleforthecustody

ofsamplesataparticulartime,untilcustodyis

transferredtoanotherperson(andsodocumented),whothenbecomescustodian.Asampleisunder

one’scustodyif:

 Itisinone’sactualpossession.

 Itisinone’sview,afterbeinginone’sphysicalpossession.

 Itwasinone’s

physicalpossessionandthenhe/shelockedituptopreventtampering.

 Itisinadesignatedandidentifiedsecurearea.

Sample‐Asampleisphysicalevidencecollected fromafacilityortheenvironment,whichis

representativeofconditionsatthepointandtimethatitwascollected.

IV. Procedures

Theterm“chain‐of‐custody”referstoprocedureswhichensurethatevidencepresentedinacourtof

lawisvalid.Thechain‐of‐custodyprocedurestracktheevidencefromthetimeandplaceitisfirst

obtainedtothecourtroom,aswellasprovidingsecurityfortheevidenceasitis

movedand/orpassed

fromthecustodyofoneindividualtoanother.

Chain‐of‐custodyprocedures,recordkeeping,anddocumentationareanimportantpartofthe

managementcontrolofsamples.Regulatoryagenciesmustbeabletoprovidethechain‐of‐possession

andcustodyofanysamplesthatareofferedforevidence,or

thatformthebasisofanalyticaltestresults

introducedasevidence.

19



Writtenproceduresmustbeavailableandfollowedwheneverevidencesamplesarecollected,

transferred,stored,analyzed,ordestroyed.

SampleIdentification



Themethodofidentificationofasampledependsonthetypeofmeasurementoranalysisperformed.

Whenin situmeasurementsaremade,thedataarerecordeddire ctlyinboundlogbooksorotherfield

datarecordswithidentifyinginformation.

Informationwhichshallberecordedinthefieldlogbook,whenin‐situmeasurements

orsamplesfor

laboratoryanalysisarecollected,includes:

 FieldSampler(s),

 ContractTaskOrder(CTO)Number,

 ProjectSampleNumber,

 Samplelocationorsamplingstationnumber,

 Dateandtimeofsamplecollectionand/ormeasurement,

 Fieldobservations,

 Equipmentusedtocollectsamplesandmeasurements,and



Calibrationdataforequipmentused

Measurementsandobservationsshallberecordedusingwaterproofink.

SampleLabel



Samples,otherthanforinsitumeasurements,areremovedandtransportedfromthesamplelocation

toalaboratoryorotherlocationforanalysis.Beforeremoval,however,asampleisoftendividedinto

portions,dependingupontheanalysestobeperformed.Eachportionispreservedinaccordancewith

theSamplingandAnalysis

Plan.Eachsamplecontainerisidentifiedbyasamplelabel.

Samplelabelsareprovided,alongwithsamplecontainers,bytheanalyticallaboratory.Theinformation

recordedonthesamplelabelincludes:

 Project–Nameofprojectsite.

 SampleIdentification‐Theuniquesamplenumberidentifyingthissample.

 Date‐A

six‐digitnumberindicatingtheday,month,andyearofsamplecollection(e.g.,

05/21/17).

 Time‐Afour‐digitnumberindicatingthe24‐hourtimeofcollection(forexample:0954

is9:54a.m.,and1629is4:29p.m.).

 Medium‐Water,soil,sediment,sludge,waste,etc.

 SampleType‐Grabor

composite.

 Preservation‐Typeandquantityofpreservationadded. 

 Analysis‐VOA,BNAs,PCBs,pesticides,metals,cyanide,other.

 SampledBy‐Printedname orinitialsof thesampler.

 Remarks‐Anypertinentadditionalinformation.

ThefieldteamshouldalwaysfollowthesampleIDsystempreparedbytheProjectChemistand

reviewedbytheProjectManager.

20



Chain‐of‐CustodyProcedures

Aftercollection, separation,identification,andpreservation,thesampleismaintainedunderchain‐of‐

custodyproceduresuntilitisinthecustodyoftheanalyticallaboratoryandhasbeenstoredor

disposed.

FieldCustodyProcedures

 SamplesarecollectedasdescribedinthesiteSamplingandAnalysisPlan.Caremustbe

takentorecordpreciselythesamplelocationandtoensurethatthesamplenumberon

thelabelmatchestheChain‐of‐CustodyRecordexactly.

 AChain‐of‐CustodyRecordwillbepreparedforeach

individualcoolershippedandwill

includeonlythesamplescontainedwithinthatparticularcooler.TheChain‐of‐Custody

Recordforthatcoolerwillthenbesealedinazip‐logbagand placedin thecooler prior

tosealing.Thisensuresthatthelaboratoryproperlyattributes tripblankswiththe

correctcoolerandallowsforeasiertrackingshouldacoolerbecomelostduringtransit.

 Thepersonundertakingtheactualsamplinginthefieldisresponsibleforthecareand

custodyofthesamplescollecteduntiltheyareproperlytransferredordispatched.

 Whenphotographsaretakenofthesamplingas

partofthedocumentationprocedure,

thenameofthephotographer,date,time,sitelocation,andsitedescriptionareentered

sequentiallyinthesitelogbookasphotosaretaken.Oncedownloadedtotheserveror

developed,theelectronicfilesorphotographic printsshallbeseriallynumbered,

correspondingtothelogbookdescriptions;

photographicprintswillbestoredinthe

projectfiles.Toidentifysamplelocationsinphotographs,aneasilyreadsignwiththe

appropriatesamplelocationnumbershouldbeincluded.

 Samplelabelsshallbecompletedforeachsample,usingwaterproofinkunless

prohibitedbyweatherconditions(e.g.,alogbooknotationwouldexplain

thatapencil

wasusedtofilloutthesamplelabelifthepenwouldnotfunctioninfreezingweather.)

TransferofCustodyandShipment

SamplesareaccompaniedbyaChain‐of‐CustodyRecordForm.AChain‐of‐CustodyRecordFormmust

becompletedforeachcoolerandshouldincludeonlythesamplescontainedwithinthatcooler.

AChain‐of‐CustodyRecordFormexampleisshowninAttachmentB.Whentransferringthepossession

ofsamples,

theindividualsrelinquishingandreceivingwillsign,date,andnotethetimeontheRecord.

ThisRecorddocumentssamplecustodytransferfromthesampler,oftenthroughanotherperson,tothe

analystinthelaboratory.TheChain‐of‐CustodyRecordisfilledoutasgivenbelow:

 Enterheaderinformation(CTO

number,samplers,andprojectname).

 Entersamplespecificinfor mation(samplenumber,media,sampleanalysisrequiredand

analyticalmethodgraborcomposite,numberandtypeofsamplecontainers,and

date/timesamplewascollected).

 Sign,date,andenterthetimeunder“Relinquishedby”entry.

 Havethepersonreceivingthesample

signthe“Receivedby”entry.Ifshippingsamples

byacommoncarrier,printthecarriertobeusedandentertheair billnumberunder

“Remarks,”inthebottomrightcorner;

21



 Placetheoriginal(top,signedcopy)oftheChain‐of‐CustodyRecordForminaplastic

zipper‐typebagorotherappropriatesample‐shippingpackage.Retainthecopywith

fieldrecords.

 Signanddatethecustodyseal,a1‐inchby3‐inchwhitepaperlabelwith

blacklettering

andanadhesivebacking.AttachmentCisanexampleofacustodyseal.Thecustody

sealispartofthechain‐of‐custodyprocessandisusedtopreventtamperingwith

samplesaftertheyhavebeencollectedinthefield.Custodysealsshallbeprovidedby

theanalyticallaboratory.



 Placethesealacrosstheshippingcontaineropening (frontandback)sothatit wouldbe

brokenifthecontainerweretobeopened.

 Completeothercarrier‐requiredshippingpapers.

Thecustodyrecordis completedusingwaterproofink.Anycorrectionsaremadebydrawingaline

throughand

initialinganddatingthechange,thenenteringthecorrectinformation.Erasuresarenot

permitted.

CommoncarrierswillusuallynotacceptresponsibilityforhandlingChain‐of‐CustodyRecordForms;this

necessitatespackingtherecordintheshippingcontainer(enclosedwithotherdocumentationina

plasticzipper‐typebag ).Aslongascustody

formsaresealedinsidetheshippingcontainerandthe

custodysealsareintact,commercialcarriersarenotrequiredtosignthecustodyform.

ThelaboratoryrepresentativewhoacceptstheincomingsampleshipmentsignsanddatestheChain‐of‐

CustodyRecord,compl etingthesampletransferprocess.Itisthenthelaboratory’s

responsibilityto

maintaininternallogbooksandcustodyrecords throughoutsamplepreparationandanalysis.

I. QualityAssuranceRecords

Oncesampleshavebeenpackagedandshipped,theChain‐of‐Custodycopyandairbillreceiptbecome

partofthequalityassurancerecord.

II. Attachments 

A. SampleLabel

B. ChainofCustodyForm

C. Custody

Seal

III. References

USEPA.User’sGuidetotheContractLaboratoryProgram.OfficeofEmergencyandRemedialResponse,

Washington,D.C.(EPA/540/P‐91/002),January1991.

EquipmentBlankandFieldBlankPreparation

I. Purpose

Toprepareblankstodeterminewhetherdecontaminationproce duresareadequateandwhetherany

cross‐contaminationisoccurringduringsamplingduetocontaminatedairanddust.

II. Scope 

Thegeneralprotocolsforpreparingtheblanksareoutlined.Theactualequipmenttoberinsedwill

dependontherequireme ntsofthe

specificsamplingprocedure. 

22



III. EquipmentandMaterials

 Blankliquid(useASTMTypeIIorlabgradewater)

 Samplebottlesasappropriate

 Gloves

 Preservativesasappropriate

IV. ProceduresandGuidelines

A. DecontaminateallsamplingequipmentthathascomeincontactwithsampleaccordingtoSOP

DecontaminationofPersonneland

Equipment.

B. Tocollectanequipmentblankforvolatileanalysisfromthesurfacesofsamplingequipment

otherthanpumps,pourblankwateroveronepieceofequipmentandintotwoorthree(lab

dependent)40‐mlvialsuntilthereisapositivemeniscus,thensealthevials.Notethesample

number

andassociatedpieceofequip mentinthefieldnotesaswellasthetypeandlotnumber

ofthewaterused.

Fornon‐volatilesanalyses,onealiquotistobeusedforequipment.Forexample,ifapanandtrowelare

used,placetrowelinpanandpourblankfluid

inpansuchthatpanandtrowelsurfaceswhichcontacted

thesamplearecontactedbytheblankfluid.Pourblankfluidfrompanintoappropriate samplebottles.

Donotlettheblankfluidcomeincontactwithanyequipmentthathasnotbeendecontaminated.

C. Whencollectinganequipmentblank

fromapump,runanextragallonofdeionizedwater

throughthepumpwhilecollectingthepumpoutflowintoa ppropriatecontainers.Makesure

theflowrateislowwhensamplingVOCs.Ifasubmersiblepumpwithdisposabletubingisused,

removethedisposabletubingaftersamplingbutbeforedecon.Whendecon

iscomplete,puta

3‐to5‐footsegmentofnewtubingontothepumptocollecttheequipmentblank.

D. Tocollectafieldblank,slowlypourASTMTypeIIorlabgradewaterdirectlyintosample

containers.

E. Documentandshipsamplesinaccordancewiththeproceduresfor

othersamples.

F. Collectnextfieldsample.



V. KeyChecksandItems

 Weargloves.

 Donotuseanynon‐decontaminatedequipment toprepareblank.

 UseASTM‐TypeIIorlabgradewater.

GroundwaterSamplingforPer‐and PolyfluoroalkylSubstances(PFAS)

I. PurposeandScope

ThisSOPprovidesguidelinesforgroundwatersamplecollectionforsamplesthatwillbeanalyzedfor

per‐andpolyfluoroalklylsubstances(PFAS)viaLC/MS/MSCompliantwiththemostrecentversionofthe

QualitySystemsManual(QSM)forwhichthelabiscertified.ThisSOPshouldbeusedinconjunction



withapprovedregion‐specificgroundwatersamplingSOPswhichprovidemethodsforgeneralandlow‐

flowgroundwatersampling.IncasesinwhichinformationinthisSOPconflictswithregion‐specific

groundwatersamplingSOPs,thisSOPwillsupersedetheinformationinthegeneralSOPs.

23



Standardtechniquesforcollectingrepresentativesamplesaresummarized.Theseproceduresare

specifictotheNavyComprehensiveLo ng‐termEnvironmentalActionNavy(CLEAN)Program.Materials,

equipment,andproceduresmayvary;refertotheSamplingandAnalysisPlanandoperator’smanuals

forspecificdetails.Uponidentificationoftheselectedlaboratory,the

NavywillrequesttheirSOPsand

protocolsregardingDraftEPAMethod1633.

II. EquipmentandMaterials

A. EquipmentandMaterialsRequired

 Groundwatersamplingequipment

1. PFAS‐freetubing(avoidTeflon,Viton,PTFEandotherfluorinatedcompounds)

 Highdensitypolyethylene tubing(unlined)

 IfMasterflextubingisneededforperistaltic

pumps,ColeParmerC‐Flex(06424

series)andTygonE‐3603(06509series)aresuitableoptions

2. PFAS‐freeBailer(ifusingabailer)

3. PFAS‐freePumpsuchas:

 GeotechPFAS‐freePortableBladderPump(note,mo stbladder pumpsincludea

Teflon‐linedbladder,butGeotechcurrentlyhas

onemodelwhichisTeflon‐free).

 PanaceaP120orP125.TheP200StainlessSteelPumpmayalsobeused,butthe

standardmodelcontainsTeflonatthetubeconnection.Ifyouareusingthis

Panaceamodel,youmustrequestonewiththe“PTFE‐freethreadsealant

option.”

 Waterrastainless

foot‐valve

 QEDSamplePro

 MonsoonorMegaMonsoonsubmersiblepump

 GrundfosRediflo2(thispumpcontainssmallTefloncomponents,buthasnot

beenshowntoleach,itislesspreferablethantheotheroptions)

 Peristalticpump(maybesuitableforshallowlocations)

 Groundwatersamplecontainers

(highdensitypolyethylene[HDPE]bottlewithHDPEscrewcap),

samplebottlesshouldnotbeglassasglassmaysorbPFAS.Samplebottlecapsshouldnot

containTeflon.Notifyyourprojectmanager (PM)ifbottlesprovidedbythelabareglassor

containTeflonparts.

 Laboratoryprepareddeionized,certifiedPFAS‐freewater

forfieldblankcollection

 PFAS‐freeshippingsupplies (labels[ifavailable]2,coolers,andice)

 Looseleafpaperwithoutwaterproofcoatingoraspiral‐boundnotebook(notwaterproof)or

tablet(seetabletusenotesbelow)

 Metalclipboard(ifusingloose‐leafpaper)

 Pen(notSharpie)



Nitrileorlatexgloves

B. EquipmentandMaterialstoAvoidDuringSampling

Equipmentandmaterialsusedtocollectgroundwatersamplesshouldnot con tainanyfluorinated

compounds,Teflon,orsyntheticrubberwithfluoropolymerelastomers(e.g.,Viton).



24



Specifically,thefollowingmaterialshouldbeAVOIDEDduringsampling:

 Gore‐Texbrandorsimilarhigh‐performanceoutdoorclothing,clothingtreatedwith

ScotchGuardbrandorsimilarwaterrepellent,fluoropolymer‐coatedTyvek,wrinkle‐resistant

fabrics,andfire‐resistantclothingwithfluorochemicaltreatmentoranythingadvertisedas

waterrepellant.

 Weather‐prooflogbookswithfluorochemicalcoatings.

 Newclothingthathasbeenwashedfewerthansixtimes.

EffortswillbemadetoobtainPFAS‐freelabels;however,informatio nonlabelsisscarceandlabelsare

frequentlymountedonPFAS‐coatedpapertoallowforeasyremoval.

Thesamplecollectionareashould

beclearofthefollowingitems:

 Pre‐packagedfoodwrappers(e.g.,fastfoodsandwichwrappers,pizzaboxes,etc.)

 Microwavepopcornbags

 Blueicecontainers

 Non‐Stickaluminumfoil

 Kim‐Wipes

 Sunscreen,insectrepellantandotherpersonalhygieneproductsthatmaycontainPFAS

Theuse

ofelectronics(e.g.,cellphonesandtablets)shouldbeavoidedwithouttheimplementationof

precautionarymeasuresoutlinedbelow:

 Alldevicesshouldbeusedwithclean,unglovedhandsandanapprovedstylus(ifdesired).

Followingtheuseofadevice,handsmustbewashedwithsoapandwaterandcleangloves

shouldbe

usedpriortocontactwithsamplingequipment(bottleware,tubing,etc.).

III. ProceduresandGuidelines

Washhandswithdishdetergentbeforesamplinganddonnitrilegloves.DonotuseKleenGuardpowder

freenitrilegloveswhichwereshowninresearchtocontainfluorine

FollowNavyCLEANSOPsforlow‐

floworconventionalgroundwatersamplecollection,dependingonsite

requirements.

A. SampleCollection

Oncewaterqualityparametershavestabilizedforlow‐flowpurging,samplescanbecollected.For

conventionalpurging,ifwaterqualityparametersdonotstabilize,aminimumof3wellvolumesmustbe

purgedpriortosamplecollection.

The

stepstobefollowedforsamplecollectionareasfollows:

1. Ensurethattheendofthetubingdoesnottouchthegroundorequipment.Removethecap

fromthesamplebottle.Positionthesamplebottleundertheendofthetubing.

2. Fillthebottle.Donotfillthe

bottlepastthemiddleofthebottleshoulder.Samplesdonotneed

tobecollectedheadspacefree.

25



3. Affixlabelsafterbottleshavebeenclosed;collectonlyonesampleatatimetoavoid

mislabeling.Packthesampleoniceimmediatelyforshipmenttotheoffsitelaboratory.Avoid

packingmaterialsthatmaycontainfluorine.Unpublishedresearchhasallowedustogeneratea

listofpackingmaterials

whichdonot containfluorine.PleasecontactBillDiguis eppiorLaura

Cookforrecommendations(becausetheresearchisnotours,itcannotbereleasedexternallyat

thistime).



B. EquipmentDecontamination

Wheneverpossible,usedisposableequipmentwhencollectinggroundwatersamples.Ifreusable

equipmentmustbeused,theequipmentmustbe

cleaned/decontaminatedbetweenuses.Alconoxand

Liquinoxsoapareacceptableforcleaning/decontaminatingreusableequipmentatPFASsites.Anywater

usedforcleaning/decontaminationmustbecertifiedPFAS‐freebyalaboratory.Considertriple‐rinsing.

Oncedecontaminated,wrapequipmentinplasticbags(suchasZiploc)orun‐coatedaluminumfoil,and

storeawayfrom

potentialPFASsources.

UseofWaterQualityEquipmentandWaterLevelIndicators

WaterqualitymeterstypicallydonotcontainPFAS.However,consistentwithgeneralsamplingSOPs,

disconnectthewaterqualitymeterpriortosampling. Somewaterlevelindicatorsdocontainsmall

polyvinylidenefluoride(aPFASconstituentforwhichwedo

notcurrentlymonitor)orlessfrequently,

Teflon,components,butwehavenotnotedcrosscontaminationfromwaterlevelindicatorsatany

sites.TheDurhamGeoslopeWaterLevelIndicatorsandtheSolinstModel101withtheP2meterhave

beenshowntobefluorinefree.

IV. References

UnitedStatesEnvironmental ProtectionAgency

(USEPA),2009.DeterminationofSelectedPerfluorinated

AlkylAcidsinDrinkingWaterbySolidPhaseExtractionandLiquidChromatography/Tandem Mass

Spectrometry(LC/MS/MS).Sep tember. 

UnitedStatesNavy,2020.InterimPer‐andPolyfluoroalkylSubstances(PFAS)SiteGuidanceforNAVFAC

RemedialProjectManagers(RPMs)/November2020Update.November.

UnitedStatesNavy,2015.NavyDrinking

WaterSamplingPolicyforPerfluorochemicals:Perfluorooctane

SulfonateandPerfluorooctanoicAcid.September.

PackagingandShippingProceduresforLow‐ConcentrationSamples

I. PurposeandScope

Thepurposeofthisguidelineistodescribe thepackagingandshippingoflow‐concentrationsamplesof

variousmediatoalaboratoryforanalysis.

II. Scope 

Theguidelineonlydiscussesthepackagingandshippingofsamplesthatareanticipatedtohavelow

concentrationsofchemicalconstituents.Whether

ornotsamplesshouldbeclassifiedaslow‐

concentrationorotherwisewilldependuponthesitehistory,observationofthesamplesinthefield,

odor,andphotoionization‐detectorreadings.

26



Ifthesiteisknowntohaveproducedhigh‐concentrationsamplesinthepastorthesamplersuspects

thathighconcentrationsofcontaminantsmightbepresentinthesamples,thenthesamplershould

conservativelyassumethatthesamplescannotbeclassifiedaslow‐concentration.Samplesthatare

anticipatedto

havemediumtohighconcentrationsofconstituentsshouldbepackagedandshipped

accordingly.

Ifwarranted,proceduresfordangerous‐goodsshippingmaybeimplemented.Dangerousgoodsand

hazardousmaterialsposeanunreasonablerisktohealth,safety,orpropertyduringtransportation

withoutspecialhandling.

EquipmentandMaterials

 Coolers

 Cleartape

 Strappingtape

 Contractorbags

 Absorbentpadsorequivalent

 Resealablebags

 Bubblebags(forglassbottleware)

 Bubblewrap(ifneeded)

 Ice

 Custodyseals



III. ProceduresandGuidelines

Low‐ConcentrationSamples

A. Preparecoolersforshipment:

 Tapedrainsshut.

 Placemailing

labelwithlaboratoryaddressontopofcoolers.

 Fillbottomofcoolerswithabsorbentpadsorsimilarmaterial.

 Placeacontractorbaginsidethecooler.

B. Affixappropriateadhesivesamplelabelstoeachcontainer.Protectwithclearpackingtape.

C. Arrangedecontaminatedsamplecontainersingroupsbysamplenumber.

ConsolidateVOC

samplesintoonecoolertominimizetheneedfortri pblanks.CrosscheckCoCtoensureall

samplesarepresent.

D. Sealeachglasssamplebottlewithinaseparatebubblebag(VOCsgroupedpersamplelocation).

Samplelabelsshouldbevisiblethroughthebag.Wheneverpossible,groupsamples

perlocation

forallanalytesandplaceinresealablebags.Makesuretoreleaseasmuchairaspracticable

fromthebagbeforesealing.

E. Arrangesamplebottlesincoolerssothattheydonottouch.

F. Ificeisrequiredtopreserv ethesamples,cubesshouldberepackagedinresealable

bagsand

placedonandaroundthecontainers.

G. Fillremainingspaceswithbubblewrapifneeded.

H. Completeandsignchain‐of‐custodyform(orobtainsignature)andindicatethetimeanddateit

wasrelinquishedtoFederalExpressorthecourier.

27



I. Closelidandlatch.

J. Carefullypeelcustodysealsfrombackingsandplaceintactoverlidopenings(rightfrontandleft

back).Coversealswithclearpackingtape.

K. Tapecoolershutonbothends,makingseveralcompleterevolutionswithstrappingtape.Cover

custodysealswithclearpacking

tapetoavoidsealsbeingabletobepeeledfromthecooler.

L. RelinquishtoFederalExpressortoacourierarrangedwiththelaboratory.Scanairbillreceipt

andCoCandsendtothesampledocumentationcoordinatoralongwiththeother

documentation.

Medium‐andHigh‐ConcentrationSamples:

Medium‐andhigh‐concentration

samplesarepackagedusingthesametechniquesusedtopackagelow‐

concentrationsamples,withpotentialadditionalrestrictions.Ifapplicable,thesamplehan dlermust

refertoinstructionsassociatedwiththeshipping ofdangerousgoodsforthenecessaryproceduresfor

shippingbyFederalExpressorotherovernightcarrier.Ifwarranted,proceduresfor

dangerous‐goods

shippingmaybeimplemented.Dangerousgoodsandhazardousmaterialsposeanunreasonableriskto

health,safety,orpropertyduringtransportationwithoutspecialhandling.

IV. KeyChecksandItems

 Besurelaboratoryaddressiscorrectonthemailinglabel

 Packsamplebottlescarefully,withadequatepackagingandwithout

allowingbottlesto

touch

 Besurethereisadequateice

 Includechain‐of‐custodyform

 Includecustodyseals

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28

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Figure1.Adit6DistancetoWellLocations

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29

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Figure2.Adit6DistancetoDrinkingWaterWells

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