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communities have their set of writing practices that are not shared outside their
respective communities. Therefore, written compositions from different
communities exemplify their own sets of shared beliefs, cultural norms, and other
social practices.
Park (1990) attributed Korean writing styles to be prose-oriented, thus,
leading to long and descriptive accounts themed on an event or a person instead of
getting directly to the point. Furthermore, Hinds (1990) claimed that Oriental
writing (i.e. Thai, Chinese, Korean), follows a ‘quasi-inductive’ pattern, which
means that the thesis statement is implied. The implied thesis statement uses
indirect, inferential expressions (Hall, 1976 & Beamer, 1994). Furthermore,
Kaplan (1990) reiterated that most Asian languages are ‘reader-responsible’
languages; hence, the reader takes on the responsibility to understand the writer’s
implied message within a text. In the context of the Korean writers, Sohn (1986)
mentioned that this implicational or indirectness strategies in writing are based on
the interlocutors’ shared knowledge about the context presented in their writing.
On the other hand, Hong- Nam & Leavell (2006) claimed that Persian
writers of English find it difficult to write using the international language, thus, it
is important that they are given very clear instructions on how to carry on the task.
Contrarily, Nimehchisalem, et. al. (2015) emphasized that Persians have adequate
skills to develop content, organize ideas, and choose the right words in their
essays, only with minor difficulties in the English language’s syntactic
structuring.
Nowruzi, Khiabani & Pourghassemian (2009) analyzed Persians’ English
argumentative essays and found out that their subjects wrote inductively.
Alijanian (2012) justified that this indirectness style of writing among Persians is
a product of artistic writing and is aimed towards achieving harmony with the
readers. Also, he emphasized that the Persian readers are naturally patient in
reading and are noted of their reflective thinking geared towards meaning-
making.
It has been established that indirectness in writing is evident in all written
discourses of different speech communities. However, indirectness appears less in
the Western cultures, particularly among the Anglophone speakers. They are
noted for their straightforward style in writing across genres. This attribute in
Western writing is known as being writer-responsible in style, rather than reader-
responsible (Hinds, 1990). In written academic discourse, direct discussion of
main ideas related to the text’s thesis and the writer’s analyses are considered
requisite (Matalene, 1985; Swales, 1990; Swales & Feak, 1994); thus, must be
observed when advancing arguments and points in writing.
In the light of the use of these indirectness markers in writing, Tran (2007)
claimed that these markers are used as a strategic communicative style; thus,